Historien om Imam Sadiqs (fvmh) martyrskap
När Mansur Dawaniqi blev kalif år 136 e.h. och etablerade sin regering började en kvävande period för shiamuslimerna. Han ville få bort alla framstående personligheter tillhörande Alis (fvmh) familj från sin väg. Av denna anledning kallade han flera gånger Imam Sadiq (fvmh) till sig och förhörde honom. Till slut förgiftade och marterade han Imamen år 148 e.h. i Medina m.h.a. en anlitad person.
Imam Sadiq (fvmh) tog över det gudomliga ledarskapet år 114 e.h. Perioden för Hans Excellens gudomliga ledarskap ägde rum samtidigt som de sista åren för den umayyadiska regeringen som tog slut år 132 e.h. och de första åren för den abbasidiska regeringen som började från detta datum.
Bland de renade Imamerna (fvmd) var perioden för Imam Sadiq (fvmh) exklusiv, eftersom från en politisk synvinkel var det en period då den umayyadiska regeringen var svag och abbasiderna var starka. När Abbasiderna fick makten blev de rädda för Imam Sadiqs (fvmh) välsignade existens och de bestämde sig därför att martera Hans Excellens. När Abu al-Abbas (den första abbasidiske kalifen) dog blev hans bror Mansur Dawaniqi, som var en förtryckare och blodsutgjutare, kalif. Efter att han kommit till makten fick han information om det stora antalet shiamuslimer och följare till Imam Sadiq (fvmh). Mansur visste gott och väl att shiamuslimernas sjätte Imam var det starka centret för det islamiska motståndet. Således bestämde han sig flera gånger för att mörda Hans Excellens, men varenda gång ångrade han sig p.g.a. olika anledningar. Han var alltid väldigt orolig för Imam Sadiqs (fvmh) aktiviteter. Den utbredda kärleken för Imamen (fvmh) bland folket och hans intellektuella storhet ökade på denna rädsla och oro.[1]
Utöver detta kontrollerade och övervakade även Mansur shiamuslimerna extremt i Medina, på sådant vis att han hade spioner i Medina som rapporterade till honom och de högg huvudet på de som träffade Imam Sadiq (fvmh).[2] Imamen (fvmh) förbjöd även sina kompanjoner från att samarbeta med kalifatets hov så att de inte skulle hjälpa förtryckarna. Därmed brukade han säga:
”Jag tycker inte om att skapa problem åt dem (Abbasiderna), även om de skulle ge mycket pengar för det, eftersom de som hjälper förtryckare kommer att omringas av eld på domedagen tills Gud dömer mellan Sina tjänare.”[3]
”En dag skrev Dawaniqi till Imam Sadiq (fvmh): ”Varför kommer du inte till oss såsom andra människor?” Imamen svarade med att skriva: ”Vi har ingenting (från en materialistisk aspekt) som skulle få oss att vara rädda för dig, och du har inte heller någonting från en eftervärdslig aspekt som skulle få oss att hoppas på dig och…” Mansur skrev: ”Kom och ge råd till oss!” Imamen svarade: ”Om någon tillhör denna världen kommer den inte att ge dig råd, och även om den tillhör nästa värld kommer den inte att komma till dig.””[4]
Av denna anledning fokuserade Mansur Dawaniqi på att hylla och visa respekt åt andra personer för att förödmjuka Imamen. Abbasidernas talare i Medina meddelade följande:
”Ingen förutom Malik ibn Anas och Ibn Abi Dhi’b har rätt att utfärda fatwa om islamiska frågor.”[5]
Efter dessa händelser fokuserade tidens regim på att stödja Malik och att sprida och propagera för honom med alla sina befogenheter för att distansera folket från Imam Sadiqs (fvmh) skola. En dag sa Mansur till Malik:
”Om jag överlever kommer jag att skriva dina fatawa (säkra åsikter inom rättsvetenskap) likt Koranen och skicka dem till alla städer och tvinga folk att agera utefter dem.”[6]
Vi kan säga att Mansurs period var en av de mest kvävande perioderna i islams historia och Imam Sadiq (fvmh) spenderade de sista 10 åren av sitt liv under en sådan period. Efter att Mansur förstått att han inte kunde vinna över Imam Sadiqs (fvmh) kunskap och karaktär började han fundera på att eliminera och martera honom. Efter att de attackerat Hans Excellens hus på natten ett flertal gånger och fört ut honom ur huset mitt i natten och tvingat honom i exil förgiftade och marterade de den noble Imamen till slut år 148 e.h. (den 25 Shawwal).”[7]
Den bortgångne Muzaffar säger i boken al-Imam al-Sadiq (fvmh) följande efter att ha talat om Hans Excellens martyrskap år 148 e.h.:
”Alla shiitiska skribenter anser att Mansur marterade Hans Excellens i Medina via sin agent och m.h.a. gift. Utöver alla shiitiska historiker och skribenter anser även en del bland Ahl al-Sunnahs lärda att Hans Excellens marterades m.h.a. gift. Bland dem är t. ex. ägaren till boken Nur al-Absar[8], Tadhkirat al-Khawas och al-Sawa’iq al-Muhraqah m.fl.”[9] (Utöver detta har Mas’udi i Muruj al-Dhahab, vol. 2, s. 212, Ibn al-Sabbagh Maliki i al-Fusul al-Muhimmah, s. 120 m. fl. hänvisat till förgiftandet av Imam Sadiq (fvmh))
[1] I Bihar al-Anwar skrev Majlisi ett självständigt avsnitt om möten mellan Imam Sadiq (fvmh) och Mansur, vol. 47, s. 162-212.
[2] Tusi, Ikhtiyar Ma’rifat al-Rijal (känd som Rijal), Tahqiq, Hassan Mustafavi, Mashhad, Mashhads universitet, s. 282.
[3] Hurr ’Amuli, Wasail al-Shia, Beirut, Dar Ahya’ al-Turath al-’Arabi, vol. 12, s. 129.
[4] Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 47, s. 184.
[5] Ibn Khalkan, Wafiyyat al-A’yan, Tahqiq: Dr. Ehsan Abbas, Qum, Manshurat al-Radhi, 2:a upplagan, vol. 4, s. 135.
[6] Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammed, Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, Beirut, Dar Ahya’ al-Turath al-’Arabi, vol. 1, s. 212.
[7] ’Aqiqi Bakhshayeshi, Dornamayi az Zendeganie Emam Jaafar Sadiq (fvmh), Entesharate Nasle Javan, s. 309.
[8] Nur al-Absar, Shablanji, s. 144; Ibn Hajar Haythami Makki i al-Sawa’iq al-Muhraqah, s. 120.
[9] Muzaffari, Muhammed Hussein, al-Imam Sadiq (fvmh), al-Najaf, Intisharat Haydariyyah, vol. 2, s. 112.
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